Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)dysfunction refers to jaw pain or problems with surrounding muscles of the face. Dysfunction in this area can affect many simple daily tasks such as speech and eating. It may also radiate to the muscles surrounding the neck causing headaches and pain behind the eyes. In severe cases , it may affect sleep and cause locking of the jaw. Commonly TMD is referred to as TMJ which means the temporomandibular joint.

Picture of a woman with jaw pain

What is Temporomandibular Dysfunction / jaw pain?

Symptoms of TMD

  • Jaw pain radiating to face, ear and neck region.

  • Jaw Pain or difficulty with functions of the jaw such as chewing, eating, biting and speaking.

  • Clicking of the jaw with opening or closing. Clicking does not have to be a sign of dysfunction but can be an indicator along with other signs or symptoms

  • Difficulty or an inability to open or close the mouth.

  • Headache

Causes of TMD and Jaw pain

  • After seeing the dentist

  • Clenching or grinding of teeth while asleep

  • Poor muscle control of the jaw
  • Injury to the face or head area
  • Arthritic conditions
  • Problems with the biting surfaces of teeth or dental issues
  • Stress or anxiety

Physiotherapy Management of jaw pain

Management of pain due to temporomandibular joint disorder is not unlike management of other parts of the body. Management requires a thorough assessment to discover the cause of the pain. This involves taking a patient history, and assessing the mechanics of the jaw, face and neck. A treatment plan can then be devised. Treatment can consist of any of the following:

  • Manual therapy to improve joint mobility of the jaw, neck and upper back.
  • Massage the muscles of the jaw, face and neck.

  • Ultrasound.

  • Ice or heat therapy.

  • Exercises are particularly important and are designed to improve control of the jaw.

  • Posture and ergonomic advice.

  • Behaviour changes to minimise strain onto the joint.